As shown in Figure 2, the Fifth Principal Meridian governs the surveys in Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, North Dakota, western Minnesota and eastern South Dakota. This was the first Meridian of the new Louisiana Purchase with the designated location at the confluence of the Arkansas and Mississippi rivers. The specific meridian (longitudinal reference line) used in Iowa is the Fifth Principal Meridian that runs north and south along the eastern edge of Iowa. T2N R2E is the second township north of the base line and the second range east of the meridian. T1N R1W is the first township north of the base line and the first range west of the meridian. For example, Figure 1 is an example of how townships are referenced in relationship to a meridian and base line. Every township has a specific geographic location. The geographic location of farmland is based on the distance east or west of the longitudinal reference lines called “Principal Meridians” and north or south of the latitudinal lines called "Base Lines."Įvery county is subdivided into townships, just like every state is subdivided into counties. equator) and longitudes are vertical lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole. It is sometimes referred to as the “rectangular survey system.” The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is the system used in Iowa to identify the location of specific tracts of land for legal and other purposes.
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